The Lower German Limes, a UNESCO World Heritage site spanning Germany and the Netherlands, is a 400-kilometer stretch of the Roman Empire’s northern frontier along the Lower Rhine, recognized in 2021. Comprising 102 sites—including forts, harbors, and civilian settlements like Xanten and Nijmegen—it was constructed between the 1st and 5th centuries CE to secure the empire’s northwest border. This well-preserved archaeological ensemble showcases Roman military engineering, river-based infrastructure, and urban development, offering a glimpse into the strategic and cultural dynamics of Rome’s frontier zone in Western Europe.

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