The Sassi di Matera, comprising the districts of Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano, are renowned for their extensive network of ancient cave dwellings. These remarkable structures have been continuously inhabited since the Paleolithic period, making them one of the world's longest-occupied human settlements. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, the Sassi offer a unique glimpse into early human settlement and architecture, with some caves even transformed into modern homes, hotels, and restaurants, blending ancient history with contemporary life.