Memphis, known in ancient times as Inebu-hedj, meaning "White Walls," was indeed the ancient capital of Lower Egypt. Founded by the legendary King Menes, it was the heart of political and cultural life during the Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom. The city thrived as a hub of commerce, trade, and religion, protected by the deity Ptah, the patron of artisans. Its ruins, near modern-day Mit Rahina, are a testament to its historical significance and are preserved as a UNESCO World Heritage Site alongside the iconic Pyramids of Giza.